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Additional information about the Voice of America. Underlines in the entries indicate publication titles, not links.

Bibliography

1994 Executive Briefing. United States Information Agency. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Broadcasting, 1994.

Abdul-Rahim, Salim Yousef. "American Messages to the Arabs: A Case Study of the Arabic Programs of the USICA." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Washington, D.C.: The American University, 1980.

About America: Edward R. Murrow. Washington, D.C.: Department of State, 2006.

A Call for Action on Public Diplomacy. Public Diplomacy Council. Washington, D.C., 2005.

Alexandre, Laurien. "Broadcasting public diplomacy: the Voice of America during detente and beyond." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Irvine, CA: University of California, 1985.

Al-Habib, Saleh Abdullah. "The Perception of Jordanian and Saudi Elites on National and International Radio Services." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma, 1995.

Analysis of Voice of America Broadcasts to the Middle East During the Persian Gulf Crisis. The Center for Strategic and International Studies. Washington, D.C., 1991.

Annual Language Service Review Briefing Book. Broadcasting Board of Governors. Washington, D.C., 2005.

Ayish, Muhammad I. "The VOA Arabic Service: A Study of News Practices and Occupational Values." Gazette, 40, no. 2 (1987): 121-130.

Ayish, Muhammad I. "The Voice of America Between Diplomacy and Journalism: A Case Study of the VOA Arabic Service." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1986.

Berg, Jerome S. On the Short Waves, 1923-1945: Broadcast Listening in the Pioneer Days of Radio. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1999.

Bogart, L. Premises for Propaganda: The USIA's Operating Assumptions in the Cold War. New York: The Free Press, 1976.

Bookmiller, Kirsten Nakjavani. "The War of Words Without the War: Radio Moscow, the British Broadcasting Corporation World Service and the Voice of America in the Old and New International Order." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Charlottesville: University of Virginia, 1992.

Borra Rajan. "The Problem of Jamming in International Broadcasting." Journal of Broadcasting II, no. 4 (Fall 1967): pp. 355-368.

Boyd, Douglas R. Broadcasting in the Arab World: A Survey of Electronic Media in the Middle East. Third Ed. Ames, Iowa:Iowa State University Press, 1999.

Broadcasting Board of Governors. "U.S. International Broadcasting Annual Report," from 1996 through present.

Broadcasting to Muslim Audiences. Broadcasting Board of Governors.

Browne, Donald R. "The Voice of America Policies and Problems." (Journalism Monographs, no. 43), Lexington, KY, Association for Education in Journalism, 1976.

Browne, Donald R. International Broadcasting: The Limits of the Limitless Medium. New York: Praeger, 1982.

Browne, Donald R. The International Newsroom: A Study of Practices at VOA, BBC, and Deutsche Welle," Journal of Broadcasting, Summer, 1993.

Carlson, Richard W. "No More Static." Policy Review (Winter 1988): 80-83.

Carlson, Richard W. "The Role of the United States Embassy and the Voice of America in the Recent China Uprising," Hearings before the Subcommittee on International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, 101st Congress, first session, June 15, 1989, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Chancellor, John. "International Broadcasting and the Changing Audience," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 372, July 1967, p. 72-9.

Chancellor John. "The Intimate 'Voice.'" Foreign Service Journal (February 1967): 19-22.

Childs, H.L. and J.B. Whitten, eds. Propaganda by Short Wave. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1942.

Clymer, Adam. Journalism, Security, and the Public Interest: Best Practices for Reporting in Unpredictable Times. Washington, D.C.: The Aspen Institute, 2003.

CNN International and the Voice of America: a Comparative Analysis. University of Wisconsin-Madison. USIA Office of Research and media Reaction, 1994.

Coffey, Fred A. "Voice of America: A Viable Communications Instrument of Foreign Policy and National Security?" Research Paper, National War College, 1977.

"Commission on Broadcasting to the People's Republic of China, The," Department of State Publication 9997, Washington, D.C., September 1992.

Communicating With the World. International Broadcasting Bureau. The United States Information Agency.

Conflict in the Balkans: U.S. International Broadcasting in the News. 1999.

Connor, Julie G. Consolidating the Radios: with Bureaucratic Politics, Old Institutions Never Change. National Defense University, national War College. Washington, D.C., 1995.

Cuba: the State of Press Freedom. Reporters Without Borders. Paris, France. 2003.

Cummins, Frank. VOA Today. Voice of America. Washington, D.C.: Office of Public Affairs, 1986.

"Diplomacy in the Information Age," Report of the U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Washington, D.C., February 1993, pp. 36-52.

Daniel, Ajit K. "Voice of Nations: A Comparative Analysis of Three International Radio News Editorial Orientations: Voice of America, All India Radio, and British Broadcasting Corporation." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. The Union Institute, 1995.

Doyle-Hennin, Natalie Elizabeth. "The World According to International Radio." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Buffalo, NY: State University of New York at Buffalo, 1991.

Elliott, Kim A. "High Frequency Radio Broadcasting, in the Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, John G. Webster, ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2000.

Elliott, Kim A. "Too Many Voices of America." Foreign Policy (Winter 1989/90): 113-131.

Fitzgerald, Merni Ingrassia. The Voice of America. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1987.

Fortner, R.S. A Worldwide Radio Receiver Population Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Academy for Educational Development, 1986.

Franzusoff, Victor. Talking to the Russians: Glimpses of History by a Voice of America Pioneer, Fithian Press, 1998.

Frederick, Howard Handthorne. "Ideology in International Telecommunication: Radio Wars Between Cuba and the United States." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Washington, D.C.: The American University, 1984.

Gormly, Charles F. "The United States Information Agency Domestic Dissemination Ban: Arguments for Repeal." The Administrative Law Journal of the American University no. 9 (1995): pp. 191-221.

Green, Fitzhugh. American Propaganda Abroad: from Benjamin Franklin to Ronald Reagan. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1988.

Grey, Robin (pseud.). "Inside the Voice of America." Columbia Journalism Review, 21 (May/June 1982): 23-30.

Growing Threats to Media Independence. Freedom House. Washington, D.C., 2007.

Gwamna, Bitrus Paul. "Multi-Cultural Programming as a Strategy in Public Diplomacy: Leo Sarkisian, and the Voice of America's 'Music Time in Africa'." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Athens, OH: Ohio University, 1992.

Haddock, Ellen K. Winning with Words: Strategic Communications and the War on Terrorism. National Defense University, National War College. Washington, D.C.

Handlery, G. "Propaganda and Information: The Case of U.S. Broadcasts to Eastern Europe." East European Quarterly, 8 (January 1975): 391-412.

He, Zhou. "The Role of the Chinese National News Media and the Voice of America in the 1989 Chinese Pro-Democracy movement." Unublished Ph.D. dissertation. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University, 1992.

He, Z., and Zhu, J. "The Voice of America and China: Zeroing in on Tiananmen Square." Journalism Monographs, 143, 1994, 1-52.

Heil Jr., Alan L. Voice of America: A History. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003.

"House Armed Services Committee and House Foreign Affairs Committee Hold Joint Hearing on Status of the War and Iraqi Political Developments, Part One." Congressional Quarterly. 10 Sept. 2007. 11 Sept. 2007 ,www.cq.com>.

Houseman, John. Front and Center. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979.

Hudson Institute Review of VOA Programming During Persian Gulf War. Hudson Institute. Indianapolis, Indiana, 1991.

Ichikawa, Hirolo. "U.S. Cultural Policy and Media - VOA and the Tiananmen Crisis." Diss. National Graduate School for Policy Studies, 2004. Abstract.

Initiative 911 the Next Step: Building on Success, Extending the Reach. A Project for the U.S. International Broadcasting to Win the War of Ideas. 2004.

Inkeles, Alex. "The Soviet Characterization of the Voice of America." Columbia Journal of International Affairs, 4, no. 1 (Winter 1950): 44-55.

International Broadcasting: Preventing Deadly conflict in Central Africa, 19 May 1995, Voice of America.

International Information Education and Cultural Relations: Recommendations for the Future. Center for Strategic and international Studies. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University, 1975.

Jurey, Philomena. A Basement Seat to History. Washington, .D.C.: Linus Press, 1995.

Karlekar, Katin D., ed. Freedom of the Press 2005: a Global Survey of Media Independence. New York: Freedom House, 2005.

Kelly, Michael. The Silenced Voice of America. UCDC Research Seminar. Washington, D.C., 2005.

Kelly, Sean. "The VOA Correspondent: Journalist or Diplomat?" Foreign Service Journal, 44 (April 1978): 13-15, 39-41.

Kretzmann, Edwin M. J. "McCarthy and the Voice of America." Foreign Service Journal, 44 (February 1967): 26-27, 44-49.

Krugler, David Frederick. "Radio's Cold War Sleight of Hand: The Voice of America and Republican Dissent." Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, March 1999.

Krugler, David Frederick. "The Voice of America and the Republican Cold War, 1945 to 1953." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Champaign-Urbana: University of Illinois, 1997.

LaMay, Craig L. Journalism and Emerging Democracy: Lessons From Societies in Transition. Washington, D.C.: The Aspen Institute, 2001.

LaMay, Craig L. Sustaining Media Pluralism in Democratizing Societies. Washington, D.C.: The Aspen Institute, 2001.

LaMay, Craig L. Democratic Enterprise: Sustaining Media and Civil Society. Washington, D.C.: The Aspen Institute, 2003.

Leinwoll, Stanley. "Jamming - Past, Present, and Future." World Radio and TV Handbook (1980): 38-41.

Lewis, Mark B. "How VOA Covered Sex Charges." Nieman Reports, Vol. 52, No. 2, Summer 1998, pp. 59-62.

Looking Toward Tomorrow. Bureau of Broadcasting. Washington, D.C., 1993.

Manaev, Oleg. "The Influence of Western Radio on the Democratization of Soviet Youth," Journal of Communication, Vol. 41, Spring 1991, pp. 72-91.

Mansell, G. Let Truth Be Told: 50 Years of BBC External Broadcasting. London: Weidenfield and Nicolson, 1982.

Massey, Michelle Denise. "The United States Information Agency: Utilizing the Voice of America as a Public Diplomacy Initiative in Brazil." Unpublished M.A. thesis, East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University, 1990.

Matlack, Carol. "America's Voice." Government Executive, 23, no. 7 (July 1991): 10-11, 13.

McKenna, Paul R. "Vagabond Able." ("Vagabond Able" was the S.S. Courier; a Coast Guard cutter stationed in Rhodes, Greece from 1952-1964, as a floating VOA radio station. It transmitted programs in sixteen languages to the Middle East and behind the Iron Curtain.) Naval History (Spring 1991): 25-29.

McNamara, Kevin J. "Reaching Captive Minds With Radio," Orbis, Vol. 36, Winter 92, pp. 23-40.

Moffett, E.A. "Voice of America News: An Organizational Study of its Struggle for Objectivity." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Athena, GA: University of Georgia, 1987.

Mytton, G., and C. Forrester, "Audience for International Radio Broadcasts," European Journal of Communication, 3:1988, pp. 457-481.

Nelson, Michael. War of the Black Heavens. New York: Syracuse University Press, 1997.

Nemecek, Maureen Jane. "Speaking of America: The Voice of America, its Mission and Message, 1942-1982." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. College Park, MD: University of maryland, 1984.

A New Diplomacy for the Information Age. U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy. Washington, D.C., 1996.

"The New World of U.S. International Broadcasting - Radio," Report of the U.S. Advisory Commission of Public Diplomacy, Washington, D.C., July 1992.

"The New World of U.S. International Broadcasting - Television," Report of the U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Washington, D.C., July 1992.

Nye, Jr., Joseph S., and William A. Owens. "America's Information Edge." Foreign Affairs Mar. 1996: 20-36.

O'Connell, Joseph, ed. VOA: Looking Toward Tomorrow Today. Voice of America. Washington, D.C.: Office of Public Affairs.

Overview: Entities and Competitors. Broadcasting Board of Governors. 2007.

Parry-Giles, Shawn J. "Propaganda, Effect, and the Cold War: Gauging the Status of America's 'War of Words'," Political Communication, Vol. 11, April/June 1994, p. 26.

Peterson, Adrian M. "A Voice Across the Pacific: KWID & KWIX - FDR Sought to Throw America’s Voice Westward." Radio World, April 23, 2008, http://www.rwonline.com/pages/s.0106/t.13094.html

Piresein, Robert William. "An International Radio History... the VOA." Foreign Service Journal, 44 (February 1967) 23-25; 50.

Piresein, Robert William. The Voice of America: a History of the International Broadcasting Activities of the United States Government 1940-1962.(Originally presented as the author's thesis, Northeastern University, 1970.) New York: Arno Press, 1979.

Rampal, Kuldip R. and W. Clifton Adams. "Credibility of Asian Broadcasts of VOA and BBC." Warrensburg, Missouri: Central missouri State University, 1995.

Rawnsley, Gary D. Radio Diplomacy and Propaganda: the BBC and VOA in International Politics, 1956-64. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.

Reffell, Jonathan S. Investigating Liberian Interpretations of 'Voice of America' Broadcast to Africa and Their Relevance to Anglophone Sub-Saharan West Africa. Diss. Syracuse Univ., 1998.

Reist, Nancy Lucille. "An Interplay of Culture and Structure at the Voice of America." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota, 1988.

"Report of the President's Task Force on U.S. Government International Broadcasting," Washington, D.C.: Department of State Publication 9925, Washington, D.C., December 1991.

"Report of the Commission on Broadcasting to the People's Republic of China," Washington, D.C.: State Department Publication 9997, Washington, D.C., September 1992.

Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Strategic Communication. Department of Defense. Washington, DC: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, 2004.

Roberts, Chalmers M. "New Image for Voice of America." New York Times Magazine (April 13, 1980): 107-112, 114.

Rolls, Albert, ed. The Reference Shelf: New Media. Vol. 78. 2006: The H.W. Wilson Company, 2006.

Sheckler, Annette C. "Evidence of Things Unseen: Secrets Revealed at the Voice of America," Horn of Africa Journal, Vol. XVI, Dec. 1998, pp. 31-51.

Short, K.R.M., ed. Western Broadcasting Over the Iron Curtain. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

Shulman, Holly C. "John Houseman and the Voice of America: American Foreign Propaganda on the Air." American Studies (1988): 23-40.

Shulman, Holly Cowan. The Voice of America: Propaganda and Democracy 1941-1945. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1990.

Solzehitsyn, Aleksandr. "The Soft Voice of America." National Review (April 30, 1982): 477-481.

Street, Nancy Lynch. Messages from the Underground: Transnational Radio in Resistance and in Solidarity. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1997.

Tedstrom, John. "Beyond Consolidation: USG Broadcasting in the Post Cold War Era," National Defense Institute (Rand Corp.), 1994.

Tyson, James L. U.S. International Broadcasting and National Security. New York: Ramapo Press, 1983.

United States Information Agency: 1953-1983. Washington, D.C.

U.S. International Broadcasting to Iran. Broadcasting Board of Governors. 2002.

United States. National Security and International Affairs Division. United States General Accounting Office. U.S. International Broadcasting: Strategic Planning and Performance Management System Could Be Improved. Washington, D.C.: U.S. General Accounting Office, 2000.

United States. Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on International Operations, Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives. U.S. General Accounting Office. Voice of America: Selected Personnel Practices Warrant Management Attention. Washington, D.C., 1989.

USC Center on Public Diplomacy. University of Southern California. Los Angeles. USIA: Communicating With the World in the 1990s, 23 Feb. 1994, U.S. Information Agency Alumni Association and the Public Diplomacy Foundation. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Information Agency, 1994.

"Voice of America at the Crossroads: A Panel Discussion of the Appropriate Role of the VOA." Panel Proceedings. Washington, D.C., Media Institute (1982): 70.

Voice of America: a Brief History. Voice of America. Washington, D.C.: Office of Public Affairs.

Voice of America Broadcasting for the 90s. Voice of America. Washington, D.C., 1990.

Voice of America Television Programming. Voice of America. Washington, D.C., 1994.

Wada, Hadiza I. M. "Voice of America: an Inside Look at Its Africa Division." M.A. Thesis, University of Kansas, 1989.

Wang, Fei. "Objective Journalism or Propaganda:A Content Analysis of the Voice of America Mandarin Service's newscasts Before, During, and After the Tian An Men Crisis." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University, 1993.

Washburn, Philo C. "Voice of America and Radio Moscow Newscasts to the Third World." Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 32, no. 2 (Spring 1988): 197-218.

Wick, Charles Z. 1981-1988: Years of Progress. United States Information Agency.

Wood, James. History of International Broadcasting. London: Peter Pergrinus Ltd., 1994.

World Radio TV Handbook: the Directory of Global Broadcasting. New York: WRTH Publications, Limited, 2006.

Zhang, Liqing. "The Ideological Impact of VOA Newscasts on Young Chinese Intellectuals of the 1980s." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Athens, GA: University of Georgia, 1996.

Zhang, Liqing and Joseph R. Dominick. "Penetrating the Great Wall: The Ideological Impact of VOA Newscasts on Young Chinese Intellectuals of the 1980s." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Journal of Radio Studies 5 (1998): 82-101.

Zorthian, Barry, Harold Berman, and Eugeni Marchello. This is Your Job. News Branch, Central Program Services Division. Washington, D.C.: International Broadcasting Service, 1953.

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